As the automotive industry shifts rapidly toward sustainability and environmental consciousness, electric vehicles (EVs) are leading this transformation. EVs promise reduced emissions and enhanced energy efficiency, redefining transportation. While battery technology and electric motors often take the spotlight, thermistors play a crucial role in the EV ecosystem.
Ametherm Thermistors
Ametherm thermistors, similar to those used in Tesla Model S and Chrysler Pacifica modules, are integral to Battery Management Systems (BMS). Each BMS Controller (BMSC) or Satellite (BMSS) can receive inputs from two thermistors. These components are favored in BMS applications for their versatility, low cost, and straightforward implementation. Typically, a voltage divider biases the thermistor. The voltage read across the thermistor is then converted to a temperature reading by the MCU/MPU, enabling active monitoring of the battery cells. Additionally, thermistors can function as switches to activate cooling systems or shut down the system when necessary.
Thermistors are passive components that change their resistance in response to temperature changes. Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors are typically made from ceramic, while Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors can be made from silicon, metal, polymer, or ceramic.
A Battery Management System (BMS) is designed to protect automotive batteries from operating outside their safe temperature, voltage, and current ranges. It also monitors the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and state of power (SOP). Based on these conditions, the BMS uses thermistors to monitor temperature and take protective actions such as shutting down the system, balancing the battery cells, or activating the cooling control system.
The Future of Thermistors in EVs
As the electric vehicle (EV) market continues to expand and evolve, the importance of thermistors will only grow. The increasing demand for electric vehicles drives innovation in battery technology, leading to higher energy densities, faster charging times, and more extensive thermal management requirements.
Future EVs are likely to incorporate more advanced thermistor technologies, such as wireless temperature monitoring and feedback systems, to further enhance safety and efficiency. Additionally, as EVs become more integrated into smart grids and advanced charging infrastructure, thermistors will play a crucial role in optimizing charging processes and minimizing the impact on the grid.